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This thesis presents the plant protection, organic and not, olive in the prefecture of Laconia. Olive cultivation is the most widespread cultivation in our country and olive oil is one of the main exported products, which is why plant protection of the olive tree deserves special attention. For each disease, information on the pathogen, the main symptoms and signs of the disease, the pathogen epidemiology, as well as the countermeasures are provided. Also in most of the diseases an attempt was made to visualize the biological cycle of the pathogen. The diseases described are cycloconium and mildew, the attacks of which are the leaves of the tree, vertibililation which is a major disease of the vascular system, as well as diseases caused by soil pathogens (signifiers) and finally diseases such as gallophoresis and the forms of mushroom found on the fruit of the olive tree. The first chapter presents the geographical and historical elements of the olive in Greece and in the world. Also referred to as botanical characteristics, the root system. At the same time, the parts of the tree are presented: torso, arms, stems, leaves, eye buds, fruit as well as elements for proper lubrication and the lack of important nutrients such as: Nitrogen, Potassium, Sodium, Phosphorus Chapter 2 talks about the insects, the enemies of the olive tree and the right fight against them. Chapter 3 deals with the fungus, the diseases of the olive tree and the fight against them.