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This thesis presents the plant protection, organic and not, olive in the prefecture of Chalkidiki. Olive cultivation is the most widespread cultivation in our country and olive oil is one of the main exported products, which is why plant protection of the olive tree deserves special attention. In the introduction of the chapters we are presented with the geographical and historical data of the olive tree specifically in the prefecture or municipality of Halkidiki. The first chapter focuses on the physiological characteristics of the olive tree, the nutritional value of the soil, the climate requirements of each variety/species, different types of irrigation systems, fertilization protocols, pruning techniques, how the weeds affect the tree. The second chapter explores the insects and pests which adversely affect the tree and correct treatment or controls of these harmful pests. The third chapter that refers specifically to olive mites and the treatment to combat these inhibitors. The fourth chapter records fungi and the diseases which affect the olive as well as the solution to combat these problems.