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Plant biotechnology plays an important role in solving problems related to the improvement of forest and fruit trees. In vitro techniques are increasingly being applied to support conventional methods of vegetative propagation and plant breeding. Tissue culture is the foremost branch of biotechnology associated with plant improvement, ie the production of new varieties and hybrids. The relevant techniques are many and different: for example, with the isolation and fusion of protoplasts, individual genes or even whole groups of germs can be transferred to plants from completely different species (not only plant but also microbial or animal - even human). With the cultivation of anthers we can achieve the production of dicotyledonous plants that have exactly the same alleles and therefore a perfectly symmetric genome. Also with tissue culture, we can successfully replace conventional plant propagation techniques, which for various reasons are difficult, expensive or time-consuming. Examples are vaccination, flowering, and storage of propagation material. Typically, tissue culture applications related to plant improvement require a high level of technical and scientific training and laboratory infrastructure.