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The aim of the present dissertation is describing and analyzing the pathology of placenta, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord. Initially, a description of the creation of placenta, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord is made.The first chapter analyzes the process of placentation. It describes in detail the structure and function of the placenta, as well as the embryo-matrix-placental circulation. In addition, the immune properties of the placenta, its endocrine function and finally the placenta transport systems are analyzed. In Chapter 2 an analysis is made on the production and function of amniotic fluid. Initially describe the functions of amniotic fluid and then its production and composition. In addition, the volume and production of amniotic fluid are analyzed, as well as methods of estimating amniotic fluid volume. Finally, the cells found in the amniotic fluid are described. The third chapter describes the formation of the umbilical cord. In addition, the length of the umbilical cord is analyzed and whether it changes with the progression of pregnancy and finally the presence of stem cells in umbilical cord blood. The fourth chapter refers to the placenta pathology. In particular, anatomical disorders of the placenta, such as placental obstruction, and abnormalities of the placenta are described. In chapter 5 we analyze the pathology of amniotic fluid. Hydramnios and oligohydramnios are described in detail, as well as other pathological conditions of the amniotic fluid, such as chorioamnionitis. Chapter 6 analyzes the umbilical cord pathology. The umbilical cord abnormalities are described in detail, as well as other abnormalities that prevent blood flow.