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Aim: of the present study is to make a bibliographic review of preterm birth and complications of premature neonate. There is a detailed presentation of what is premature childbirth, what are the causes of an early childbirth and how a premature birth is being treated. The following are the problems that can arise in an early infant and what their consequences for the future health of the child. Materials and Methods:The materials of this study were taken by the International, Greek literature and arthrography but also from the Internet. Results:The bibliographic review is looking for causes that lead to a premature delivery and avoiding them to reduce complications in both mother and infant during preterm labor. Also, midwives must have the appropriate knowledge to recognize the signs and symptoms of premature labor and to look for the way they will act. Finally, the role of the midwife is very important in preventing various complications Conclusions:Early childbirth has received large rates of incidence nowadays. The midwife plays an active role in recognizing and preventing problems that can lead to premature birth but also in supporting pregnant psychologically by giving her the appropriate advice and helping her achieve a smooth childbirth.