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In this thesis the author refers to the contemporary problem of infertility, especially in assisted reproduction as a means of confrontation, while she deepens in its bioethical and legal substance. First of all, a description is being made about the male and female genitalia, followed by the definition of infertility and the reasons that may cause it. This definition constitutes the spark for the introduction of the main topic, which is the assisted reproduction Subsequently, there is an analysis of the definition of assisted reproduction, with a detailed description of the techniques that consist her. More specifically, the main ones of them are the intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, intra-fallopian transfer and zygote intrafallopian transfer. Also, she refers to the complications that may occur, due to the use of the techniques assisted reproduction, which are the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, trauma of the cervix, multiple pregnancies and ectopic and heterotopic pregnancies. Additionally, a reference is being made to the latest developments in the field of assisted reproduction and especially to the new techniques, which came to complete the range of her methods. These developments are consisted by intracytoplasmic sperm injection, the techniques of sperm extraction in patients with azoospermia- which are percutaneous epididymal sperm extraction, testicular sperm aspiration, testicular sperm extraction and microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration - , pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and in vitro maturation of oocytes. Finally, an introduction to the major topic of this thesis is being made, which is bioethics and the role that she plays in the field of assisted reproduction and the legal framework, which is established in Greece to protect the humans from this so much useful, yet so dreadful progress of medical science