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This paper presents a comprehensive study on makeup as used in American and European Cinematography from late 19th century up to present day. It consists of three chronologically ordered chapters. The first chapter is divided into sections according to European cinematic movements. It also refers to iconic films descriptive of each movement and era. The second chapter presents a historical overview of American cinematography divided in decades, beginning from the creation of Holywood up to early 21st century. A special refference is made to exceptional films of each decade as well as to the key makeup artists and the materials they used in each film production. The last chapter examines the application of makeup in Cinema from the early 1900s until today in chronological order and a special refference is made to iconic actors at the end of each section. The work of innovative makeup artists that made the art of makeup what it is today is also extensively analysed. Finally, the chapter ends with an overview of digital makeup as used in some films.