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Introduction: Nutrition is the cornerstone of any therapeutic approach on mellitus diabetes. The constant training of parents and children on nutrition issues seems to be the only solution, given that nutrition is a diabetes self-management tool in the patients’ everyday life. Scope of the study: Scope of this study is to investigate the education level of parents and children/teenagers diagnosed with type 1 diabetes on dietary aspects and to associate it with socioeconomic factors and factors that impact diabetes control. Material and methods: It is a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Part of this research were all members of families with children suffering from mellitus diabetes who visited the Pediatric Diabetology Outpatient Clinic of the 1st Department of Pediatrics at Hippocrates Hospital of Thessaloniki between May 2015 and July 2015 and who met specific criteria. The final statistical analysis included 77 patients, 36 girls and 41 boys, with the following average age in decimals: 10.82 ± 4.43 years (variance: 1.66 – 18.27 years). The children’s parents also answered the questionnaire (74 mothers and 69 fathers). Results: In total, 136 valid questionnaires were filled in: 70 by mothers, 34 by fathers and 32 by patients. The average percentage of right answers in the total of questions is: 60.36 ± 16.29 (17.39 – 86.96). Mothers achieved the highest average of right answers followed by fathers, whilst the patients came last reporting a statistically significant difference. The group of questions in which the parents gained the highest score was the label reading (statistically significant difference was detected among the members of the same family), while the lowest rate of the right answers given appertained to the group of questions on calculating carbohydrates. The average HbA1c of the children is 7.38% and its amount seems to be related to the score of the right answers given. It was also noticed that the HbA1c levels were better in cases where the diabetes was diagnosed at a higher age and the years of the condition were less. The education level on nutrition facts seems to be influenced by demographic factors. 4 Conclusions: The results of this research prove that the parents’ and children’s knowledge on nutrition is little and this seems to have an impact on their glycaemic regulation. Making good use of the results of this study, we could find ways and means of providing parents and patients with diabetes with nutrition recommendations.