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One of the main aims of this thesis was the study of pathogens causing postharvest fruit rots in kiwifruit in three regions of northern Greece. The results showed that the fungus Botrytis cinerea was responsible for 100% of the postharvest fruit rots in the regions of Skydra Pella and Vrodou Katerini. This fungus was also responsible for the postharvest fruit rots at a percentage of 85% in the region of Chrysoupoli Kavala. The fungi Penicillium expansum and Penicillium ulaiense were responsible for about 12% (10% and 2% respectively) in Chrysoupoli Kavala, while the fungi Alternaria tenuissima and Diaporthe sp. were responsible for about 1-3%. Kiwi fruits incubated in room temperatures for 3 days, after 5 months cold storage, were infected from the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer. Another aim of this thesis was the evaluation of the effectiveness of the fungicides fludioxonil, fludioxonil+cyprodinil and tebuconazole, applied as preharvest spray application (8 days before harvesting) to control postharvest fruit rots in kiwi fruit. The results showed that there was a tendency of tebuconazole reducing the percentage of postharvest fruit rots, but more investigation is required. In addition, the effectiveness of postharvest fruit dipping in fludioxonil, fludioxonil+cyprodinil or boscalid+pyraclostrobin solution against postharvest fruit rots was evaluated. The results showed that all fungicides were effective against B. cinerea. Fungi of genus Alternaria were isolated in very low percentage. In contrast, no fungicide showed to be effective against the fungi of genus Penicillium. Finally, the residues of the evaluated fungicides were tested about five months after their application. The results showed that the level of tebuconazole, boscalid and fludioxonil residues were below of the MRLs. In contrast, the level of cyprodinil, and pyraclostrobin residues were above of MRLs.