Eureka! Institutional Repository

Cancer immunotherapy is a modern field that is gaining ground against common therapies. Some tumors develop mechanisms to evade from the immune surveillance. The aim of immunotherapies is to strengthen and boost the immune response against cancer cells, especially against the escape mechanisms, they develop. Immunotherapies are categorized into active and passive. Passive therapies are based on the binding and modification of the intracellular signaling of tumor receptors (e.g. monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint blockers).While adoptive involve manipulations that occur in vitro in order to attack directly in tumors, targeting tumor associated antigens (e.g. therapeutic cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, oncolytic viruses).Finally the efficacy of those therapies are evaluated in clinical trials before the wide application. Currently various types of immunotherapies, approved from FDA are being administered for various types of cancer (e.g. Trastuzumab for HER2+ breast cancer).