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This paper describes ways to optimize PCR and to address possible problems during the reaction process. Modern approaches and examples of kit available from commercial companies for the application of PCR in genomic and mitochondrial DNA are also discussed. As the analysis of STR sites is the established DNA analysis for forensic purposes today, the techniques of imaging the STR sites after PCR implementation have been developed and the ways of automating them. We also describe some systems that will probably be used in the future.The second part of the thesis describes the methods of DNA analysis in forensic science. It describes the identification of VNTR sites used by criminology, this theory of analysis and the reasons why its use is currently limited. The features of the STR sites and the reasons established in the forensic analysis and solutions that have been devised in the case of decomposed or small amounts of DNA in the sample and mixed DNA samples with the analysis of STR sites on chromosome Y are reported. In many countries of the world established DNA databases, based on the analysis of STR sites. DNA databases derived from multiple PCR systems developed for this purpose are recorded in these databases. Reference is made to the characteristics of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and then describes the mode of analysis, characteristics and utility of mitochondrial DNA in forensic science.