Χρήση των εντόμων στη διατροφή των μονογαστρικών (Bachelor thesis)
Γιαννακοπούλου, Δήμητρα
The diploma thesis was conducted in division of Animal Production, in the department of
Agricultural Technology, in School of Agricultural and Food Technology and Nutrition, of the
Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki.
The aim of the thesis was the collection and cataloging of bibliographic information on the use of
insects as animal protein in feed monogastric farm animals, which collectively could enrich the
readers knowledge on the topic.
Because of the increasing human population, many scientists engaged in recent years in finding a
new source of animal protein that they could use in the monogastric animas daily diet, because
protein is going to be in a shortage in the direct future. In this context promising solution seemed to
be insects , as animal protein. Many insects were explored until scientists came in the conclusion of
some that looked to have much better quality-nutritional characteristics over others. The dominants
were: Black Soldier larvae, larvae and pupae of common household fly, mealworm, silkworms,
grasshoppers, crickets and locust. These insects go through a particular process of production and
processing to manage to be given as feed on monogastric animals (pigs and poultry). Main forms that
insects have as feed are: whole or chopped, live or dried larvae, in the form of flour, paste, oil and as
a supplement as chitin.
After a lot of expirements it was shown that insects can participate in the diet of the monogastric
animals w ith many forms of different insects. To growth broiler chicks larval meal of black soldier
fly could fully replace soybean meal and fishmeal, , silkworm larvae flour could also replace it ,as
well as with common housefly larvae meal. While in broiler chicks can for example can be replaced
until 50% of fishmeal in their ration with common housefly larvae in flour form. In laying hens diets
on development, common housefly meal can be used as a replacer of fishmeal in 100%. Parallel to
laying hens diet could be inserted in their diet larva mealworms as a complete replacement of
fishmeal, while at a rate of 50% fishmeal could be replaced by the housefly meal. Common protein
feed sources(soy) could be replaced at the rate of 50% of silkworm larvae meal. At other birds diets
such as turkeys, silkworm meal could replace at the rate of 50% soy, or at the rations of quail could
be added 50% flour by locusts instead of fishmeal. In other monogastric animas like pigs, black soldier larvae flour could replace 50% of conventional
protein feed if also amino acids are added to the diet, also 10% of housefly could be added , or 6% of
mealworms flour instead of commonly used protein sources. In fattening pigs diet could be added
silkworm larva meal, fully replacing flour soya or fish meal. At the same time there are surveys for
respective participations insects in rations of other monogastrics such as fish and rabbits.
Insects as feed and generally as food are more prevalent in Asia and Africa unlike Europe in which
they are thought to be a new idea. Scientists in Europe have decided to investigate the diets of
monogastric livestock initially, as they are omnivores, and how their diet could be enriched with the
participation of insects. Most experiments ware positive on the part or entire replacement of the
common/conventional protein feed like soybean meal and fish meal, with insects. Nevertheless, the
use of insects are banned in Europe as fodder for legal and ethological issues, since the use of insects
as feed could involve direct or indirect risks to humans.
Institution and School/Department of submitter: | Σχολή Τεχνολογίας Γεωπονίας & Τεχνολογίας Τροφίμων & Διατροφής / Τμήμα Τεχνολόγων Γεωπόνων |
Subject classification: | Edible insects Βρώσιμα έντομα Διατροφή ζώων Animal feeding |
Keywords: | Έντομα;Διατροφή;Πουλερικά;Χοίροι;Insects;Nutrition;Poultry;Pigs |
Description: | Πτυχιακή εργασία - Σχολή Τεχνολογίας Γεωπονίας & Τεχνολογίας Τροφίμων & Διατροφής – Τμήμα Τεχνολόγων Γεωπόνων, 2017 α.α. 8967 |
URI: | http://195.251.240.227/jspui/handle/123456789/13966 |
Table of contents: | Ευχαριστίες............................................................................................................................................5 Περίληψη ...............................................................................................................................................7 Abstract..................................................................................................................................................9 Πίνακας Περιεχομένων........................................................................................................................11 Κατάλογος πινάκων ............................14 Κατάλογος Γραφημάτων .....................................................................................................................15 Κατάλογος Εικόνων.............................................................................................................................15 Εισαγωγή. ............................................................................................................................................17 Κεφάλαιο Πρώτο .................................................................................................................................21 1. Παραγωγή, διάθεση και χρήση των εντόμων ως ζωική πρωτεΐνη στη διατροφή των αγροτικών ζώων.....................................................................................................................................................21 1.1. Γενικά........................................................................................................................................21 1.2. Χαρακτηριστικά των εντόμων ως πηγές τροφών .....................................................................21 1.3. Τα έντομα ως ζωοτροφή. ..........................................................................................................22 1.4. Η διατροφική αξία των εντόμων...............................................................................................24 1.4.1. .Ενεργειακή αξία ...................................................................................................................26 1.4.2. Πρωτεΐνη. ..............................................................................................................................27 1.4.3. Λίπος.....................................................................................................................................27 1.4.4. Ινώδης ουσίες........................................................................................................................27 1.4.5. Ανόργανα άλατα- Ιχνοστοιχεία-Βιταμίνες............................................................................27 1.5. Τα είδη των εντόμων που χρησιμοποιούνται ως ζωοτροφή. ....................................................29 1.6. Περιγραφή και παραγωγή των ειδών .......................................................................................30 1.6.1. Black soldier fly, Μύγα μαύρος στρατιώτης ( Hermetia Illucens, L.) ..................................30 1.6.2. Housefly, Κοινή οικιακή μύγα (Musca domestica L.). .........................................................32 1.6.3. Mealworm, Κοινό κίτρινο σκουλήκι (Tenebrio molitor & obscurus L.). .............................33 1.6.4. Silkworm Pupae, Μεταξοσκώληκας. ....................................................................................35 1.6.5. Locust, grasshoppers and crickets-.Ακρίδες, τριζόνια και γρύλλοι ......................................37 1.7. Η χρήση των εντόμων ως ζωοτροφή στην Ευρώπη. ................................................................40 1.8. Η χρήση των εντόμων ως ζωοτροφή στην Ασία και την Αφρική. ...........................................41 Κεφάλαιο Δεύτερο...............................................................................................................................42 2. Τα έντομα στη διατροφή των μονογαστρικών αγροτικών ζώων. ................................................42 2.1. Γενικά........................................................................................................................................42 2.2. Η χρήση των εντόμων στη διατροφή των πτηνών....................................................................42 2.2.1. Όρνιθες κρεοπαραγωγής. ......................................................................................................43 2.2.1.1. Ανάπτυξη νεοσσών κρεοπαραγωγής.................................................................................43 2.2.1.2. Πάχυνση νεοσσών κρεοπαραγωγής. .................................................................................45 2.2.2. Όρνιθες αυγοπαραγωγής.......................................................................................................46 2.2.2.1. Ανάπτυξη ορνίθων αυγοπαραγωγής..................................................................................47 2.2.2.2. Όρνιθες αυγοπαραγωγής. ..................................................................................................47 2.2.3. Ινδιόρνιθες, χήνες, πάπιες και άλλα πουλερικά. ...................................................................48 2.3. Η χρήση των εντόμων στη διατροφή των χοίρων.....................................................................50 2.3.1. Χοιρίδια ανάπτυξης...............................................................................................................50 2.3.2. Χοιρίδια πάχυνσης. ...............................................................................................................51 2.3.3. Χοιρομητέρες και κάπροι......................................................................................................52 2.4. Η χρήση των εντόμων στην διατροφή των ιχθύων...................................................................53 2.5. Η χρήση των εντόμων στην διατροφή άλλων μονογαστρικών.................................................53 3. Συμπεράσματα..............................................................................................................................54 Βιβλιογραφία ................................................................................................................................56 Παράρτημα...........................................................................................................................................68 Τμήμα Α: « Τα έντομα και η παραγωγή τους» ......................................................................................68 |
Appears in Collections: | Πτυχιακές Εργασίες |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Πτυχιακή Εργασία Δήμητρας Γιαννακοπούλου.pdf | Γιαννακοπούλου, Πτυχιακή | 2.15 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
This item is a favorite for 0 people.
http://195.251.240.227/jspui/handle/123456789/13966
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.