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Aim of the current study is to introduce every aspect of the hamstring injuries and constitute a modern brief guide of every physiotherapy student who plans to deal with sports injuries. The first part presents the anatomy of the area of the posterior thigh and the peripheral joints, as well as the biomechanical particularities of the hamstrings. In the second part of the study, data regarding injury mechanism, epidemiology, risk factors and diagnosis of the hamstring injuries are being analyzed. In the third part is studied the multifactorial approach of diagnosed hamstring injuries on professional footballers and a proposed rehabilitation protocol is presented. Also, at this point are presented useful elements that will assist sports physiotherapists in decision making for the return to sport activity of the athlete. Finally, in the fourth part of the paper are examined the most recent, evidence-based strategies for hamstring injury prevention that can be used by a clinician, and again is being proposed a hamstring injury prevention program in football.