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Greece is the main cotton cultivator and producer in the European Union. The three main cotton producing areas in Greece are Thessaly, Macedonia-Thrace and Central Greece. The Prefecture of Larissa is an area where cotton production is highly developed. The purpose of this paper is to present cultivation and production of cotton in Greece, with an emphasis on Prefecture of Larissa. The topic is covered at the theoretical level, also presenting basic statistics. To better present the topic, the study is divided into four chapters. The first chapter makes a general reference to cotton, its species and varieties, and its basic morphological and botanical characteristics. The second chapter deals with the cultivation of cotton, and the most important issues presented are the conditions of cultivation, soil preparation, sowing, irrigation, cultivation care, the stages of cotton plant growth, harvesting and plant protection. The third chapter focuses on the processing and marketing of cotton, which deals with the stages of cotton processing and its quality characteristics, while providing basic statistics on the cultivation and production of cotton in Greece and worldwide. There is also evidence of the economic importance of cotton. Finally, the fourth chapter focuses on N. Larissa. The basic characteristics of the region are presented first, followed by information on the cultivated land, the quantities produced, the financing and subsidies received by the cotton growers, as well as the problems of growing cotton. The most important findings are summarized at the end of the paper, in the conclusions section.