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Mediterranean diet is part of a complex lifestyle with the following common characteristics: sea and sun, which may contribute to good health. Nowadays, the benefits of the Mediterranean diet are well-known because many researchers have studied the impact of the Mediterranean diet on health. In this thesis, the role of the Mediterranean diet in retinopathy and macular degeneration in people with diabetes is studied. The Food Frequency Frequency Questionnaire was distributed to 60 patients (30 diabetics and 30 non-diabetics) of the Ophthalmology Clinic Papanikolaou. In addition, the results of the participants' blood tests were used. Afterwards, the MedDieScore index, the Body Mass Index and the eGFR score was calculated. For the analysis of the data, the statistical package IBM SPSS 23 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) was used. The results do not show a strong correlation between Mediterranean diet and retinal and and macular degeneration in people with diabetes. However, further research in Greece and in other countries is needed.