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Livestock farming is one of the most significant operations in the primary sector in general, supporting human life, operations and economy by both the directly produced products such as meat and milk, but also the products manufactured by the secondary sector using raw materials that are produced by it. As such, it is a major pylon in economical activity and growth. However, as with every living organism, livestock is usually under threat from diseases and the possibility of them spreading, that may have adverse and significantly negative results for the sector as well as for the connected ones to it. The present thesis examines the livestock farming of cattle and the diseases that may affect and damage it, focusing on two in particular, Lumpy skin disease and Leukosis. A thorough bibliographical review on the specifics of the two diseases is presented, along with their effects on livestock performance and the sector’s economy. Moreover the thesis focuses on the appearance of the examined diseases at a selected case study region, that of Etoloakarnania. By drawing the necessary data from the respective agencies, the course of the appearance and the steps to address it as utilized in the examined region are presented.