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The main purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the mechanism of cellular immunity. The research method followed is the literature review according to the theme, through scientific articles and books of Greek and foreign editorial. Specifically, the first part is an analysis of the term "immunity", the distinction, the phases regulating the immune response and the characteristics of specific immunity. The second chapter examines the nature of the specific cellular immunity and becomes known the role and the biology of T lymphocytes, which are involved in this in various ways. The third part deals laboratory methods used in laboratory investigation of cellular immunity. The working conclusions is that cellular immunity is very important in the human body, through the protection granted, and prevents the invasion of viruses, infections and inflammations. The experiments that take place for these reasons are very important and provide further medical knowledge and better treatment of the patient. The most important tests used today and are detailed in this thesis is the ELISPOT, flow cytometry and the most modern DNA-ATP test