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The present thesis aims at exploring how emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of nurses affect the professional satisfaction and professional burnout in the nursing profession. In this context, a literature overview is performed to clarify the basic concepts that are being researched. Thus, the concept of emotional intelligence is initially studied, and more specifically, reference is made to both the instruments of emotional intelligence measurement and emotional intelligence models as they have been developed to date. Subsequently, research studies concerning emotional intelligence in the nursing profession and the factors that affect it, are presented. At the same time a brief reference is made to the concept of self-efficacy with particular emphasis on self-efficacy of nurses as well as the way in which self-efficacy in the nursing profession is associated with emotional intelligence. The theoretical part of this thesis ends with the clarification of two basic concepts: the professional satisfaction and the professional burnout, with an emphasis on the health and nursing profession. The research part of the present thesis deals with the above variables with the target population being the nursing staff with secondary and tertiary education who work at the Ippokratio General Hospital in Thessaloniki and at various departments of the hospital. The research tools used are questionnaires that have been approved and used in corresponding surveys, and according to the results the relationship between emotional intelligence and professional satisfaction is confirmed and at the same time high correlations between professional stress and mental health are detected, although an interesting finding is that emotional intelligence is not related to the professional satisfaction of nurses.