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With the present thesis, my aim is to explore the influence of the textile industry on the global as well as the domestic economy and to present the operation of a cotton processing factory, the factory “Epilektos”. In the introductory chapter, I generally referred to the textile sector and its activities and I made a historical overview of the textile industry over the years. I also presented the countries that are considered the pillars for exporting textiles in today’s era. In the first chapter, in order to examine the influence of this industry on the global economy, I decided to analyze each of the countries I mentioned above, which earn billion of dollars from exports of textile products. In the second chapter, I decided to overview the history of our country’s textile industry, its impact on the economy during the years of its development and how much it was affected during the economic crisis. In the third chapter, observing that our country is largely supported by cotton exports, I decided to refer to cotton as species and to analyze its cultivation worldwide as well as in Greece. In the fourth chapter, in order to analyze more closely the textile sector in our country, I chose to present the factory “Epilektos” and to assay both its mode of operation and its financial situation from the beginning of its operation to the present day. Finally, in the fifth chapter, I analyzed the conclusions from the bibliographic survey, and I came up with the conclusion of my dissertation thesis.