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The present thesis examines the main motivation parameters that influence teachers' professional satisfaction and efficiency. The concept of teacher motivation in the field of primary education has been widely studied in both international and Greek literature, as well as by many educational theorists. It is an important aspect related to many issues of human resources management in education and the way of motivating teachers to work effectively, productively and efficiently. The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of Primary Education teachers in the Prefecture of Thessaloniki in relation to factors that influence motivation, and which of them influence teachers' satisfaction and efficiency. Also, the level of motivation factors affecting teachers 'satisfaction and efficiency and the demographic characteristics of teachers that differentiate the level of teachers' satisfaction and efficiency are examined. Quantitative research was used to conduct the research using a structured questionnaire as a methodological tool. The research was carried out from November to December 2019 with the participation of 226 teachers from the Prefecture of Thessaloniki. The findings of the present study showed that the main motivating factors were a sense of justice in their workplace, a sense of security and permanence in their work. Teachers believe that moral reward and emotional support contribute significantly to their professional satisfaction. Also, of particular importance are the factors related to teacher’s relationship with the head teacher, the cooperation with colleagues and ensuring a positive school climate that will help them perform more effectively. Teachers have shown that they pursue continuous education in topics like management and organization of school units as they aim to their professional development and improving their salary.