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This dissertation is submitted in the context of obtaining a postgraduate degree of the Postgraduate Studies Program in the Management of Health and Welfare Units. The present dissertation is based on presenting secondary data method due to the prevailing situation of the Covid-19 international pandemic which affected our country, too. This situation did not allow the conduction of the research by using questionnaires or interviews. For this reason, the work is based on references from Greek and foreign journals and books. The dissertation deals with two very important diseases that record a strong presence internationally and in our country, as well. The first is multiple sclerosis and the second is optic neuromyelitis. The presentation of these diseases is recorded as the comparison between them in terms of symptoms and treatment through a series of international studies follows. The aim of the dissertation is to present the new data related to the two diseases in terms of symptoms and treatment. At the same time, it aims to highlight the gap in research on the economic impact of multiple sclerosis in Greece by presenting only minimum data and by comparing them with findings from similar studies conducted in other European countries. In conclusion, the importance of the contribution of disease management to the promotion of patients' health by state aid and the financial impact it has on patients and their families is presented.