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This undergraduate thesis deals with the rehabilitation after the lumbarspinal fusion surgery. In particular, the first chapter makes extensive reference to the anatomy of the spine and sub-elements, with more emphasis on lumbar spine. The second chapter describes in detail the process of spinal fusion with reference to the definition, types, techniques, indications and complications. The third chapter contains the bibliographic review, which describes the purpose of the research and the selection process of the scientific articles.There are also presented the results of 13 surveys in the form of detailed tables. Finally, the fourth chapter specializes in rehabilitation after spinal surgery and is divided into two subgroups, preoperative and postoperative physiotherapy. The thesis concludes with a reference to the bibliography used.