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This thesis deals with the subject of optical fibers and their use in civil engineering. This is a relatively new achievement, as it appeared in the 1960s and has since been applied in more and more fields. In particular, optical fibers are used, among others, in telecommunications and the internet, in medical applications and in infrastructure projects. The advantages of optical fibers are many and for this reason they are chosen by the experts in various fields. As far as civil engineers are concerned, they use optical fibers in many projects around the world, such as bridges and highways, with the ultimate goal of user safety and, by extension, economic and social benefits, as damages and problems are identified through them as early as the first stages of their appearance, so that they can be restored immediately. In the context of this work, various researches and studies that have taken place on the subject are presented and the case of the installation of optical fibers in Thessaloniki and more specifically in the City Hall of Kordelio - Evosmos is presented using images and diagrams.